The debate about the way to fight for freedom is usually emotional and sometimes acrimonious. All not surprising because ‘freedom’ is a very seminal and fundamental human need. But all actions have consequences, some perhaps unforeseen or more often ignored.
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The social, political and economic development of South Asia has been seriously hindered by internal, or intra-state conflicts. The region is one of the most ethnically, culturally and linguistically diverse, as well as most populous, in the world. However,it is also host to deeply entrenched ethnic hostility, communal violence and numerous wars, both inter- and intra-state. Some of these conflicts, such as those in Kashmir
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This paper analyses the ‘root’ causes of complex humanitarian emergencies (CHEs) on the basis of studies conducted in a UNU/WIDER project on social and economic causes of CHEs; and identifies policies that appear relevant to the prevention of conflict. The paper regards horizontal inequality (i.e. inequality among groups, in contrast to vertical inequality
which measures inequality among individuals) as the fundamental source of organised conflict. Such horizontal inequality may have political,
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